Pygmy bluetongues use empty spider burrows as refuges, basking sites and ambush points. The holes are circular in cross section, up to about 20 mm in diameter, and lack any sign of excavated soil at the entrances. The average depth of holes is approximately 25 centimetres, ranging from 10 to 75 cm. These holes appear indistinguishable from holes inhabited by mygalomorph and lycosid spiders. However, adult lizards are found in the deeper holes which are probably made by mygalomorphs. Lizards have been found in holes which had the lids of trapdoor spiders still attached. The lizards make no obvious external modifications to the holes, except for a slight bevelling of the edges caused by their coming and going. Burrow entrances are used as vantage points from which lizards are able to make short forays after any prey detected nearby. The lizards are extremely sensitive to both movement and noise, making it difficult to observe them basking outside their burrows unless approached extremely carefully. Only one adult lizard is found in each burrow.
Lizards bask with the back legs or tip of the tail remaining in the entrance of the burrow. From this position, the lizards can back rapidly into their burrows if disturbed. The hole dwelling behaviour of the pygmy bluetongue, initially an obstacle, has become a key factor facilitating its study. Use of an Olympus optic fibrescope permits direct observation of lizards in their burrows and their sedentary nature enables regular monitoring of all animals in a given area. This permits several types of study not normally possible with small vertebrates, such as direct-count censussing and assessment of age structure, and being able to locate given animals almost at will.
The diet of the pygmy bluetongue consists mainly of medium sized invertebrates. Ehmann (1982), examined stomach contents of specimens then in the South Australian Museum collection, recording cockroaches, ants, a spider, grasshopper and beetle, and some plants (Dianella seed, possible chenopod material). Dissections of lizards found dead during the duration of this project have revealed remains of noctuid larvae, acridoid grasshoppers, beetles, and several leaves and flowers of the herb Medicago. Scat analysis has shown the diet to consist of grasshoppers, snails, small spiders and beetles. Wild lizards accepted grasshoppers and mealworms offered as bait, and captive animals thrive on an omnivorous diet, including mealworms, crickets, chopped fruit and vegetables and raw egg (T. Morley per. comm.). This evidence suggests that pygmy bluetongues take a wide variety of invertebrate animals as food, but will also occasionally feed on plant matter.
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BIG THANKS To Tiliqua Girl
